GOULD’S THEORY
According to Gould, adult development occurs through a series of transformations. Individuals reshape their selves in each transformation and re-solve their problems and conflicts. Like Levinson, Gould sees adulthood as a time of change. According to him, adulthood passes through four stages:
- FIRST STAGE (16-22 YEARS): It is seen that the individual is separated from his parents. It also strengthens the person’s identity.
- SECOND STAGE (22-28 YEARS): Autonomy is established in the individual and the individual begins to realize his goals.
- THIRD STAGE (28-34 YEARS): This phase is a transitional phase. The individual reconsiders his goals, his marriage; evaluates.
- FOURTH STAGE (35-45 YEARS): Discontent grows with the realization that middle age is approaching. Life begins to feel difficult, painful and uncertain to the individual. Seeing how fast time passes creates more pressure. Therefore, the changes to be made should be made as soon as possible. This phase is an unstable, turbulent and troubled phase.
Unlike the fourth stage, between the ages of 45-50 is an extremely stable, calm and peaceful period. The satisfaction from marriage increases. Friends become more important. Money loses its importance. During this period, life is viewed more positively. (Onur, 1986:81)
